LAPORAN SLB

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study

The second language, in our society is typically English, although in some cases English-speaking children are exposed to Spanish or another language in the classroom. Many children have had some exposure to English before school. They are not categorized as receptive bilingual because they are learning English as a second language more or less from scratch. Generally, children acquiring a second language move through the following four stages, the names of some stages having been modified to reflect current thinking. It is more easy for learn it.

Unless the children being has a physical or mental disability. They will be born with the capacity for language. It means that the innate ability to speak a language or the case of children who are deaf or handicap of mental. Children acquiring a second language more difficult learn it. At the formal pre-operational stage adolescence and adulthood 12 years, they is difficult using symbols related to abstract concepts and acquires flexibility in thinking the capacities for abstract thinking does not function better. To make the students interest with study process the taecher must be able to choose the approach, method and technique that suitable for learn it especially in English subject. Besides it, the teacher must be able overcoming for them.

SLB ( Special Schools ) is one of the educational institutions for the children who have mental disabilities and physical retardation. Not many parents who know about the existence of special schools in the formal school. Many children who have mental retardation and physical disabilities do not continue their education. SLB usually accommodate children who suffer from hearing impaired, mentally disabled, blind, etc. Authors conducted observations to SLB C Cultivation Love Cijantung located in areas subject to fulfilling the task of Educational Psychology
This study will provide a benefit to us to always grateful, because God created us with perfection. Not only that, we also can appreciate their Hars by not isolating or making fun of him.

Base on statement above, we would like to observe in SLB Harapan Ibu on May, 22^nd2015

B. Problem Formulation

That are at issue in this study are :

1. What are the types of students with special needs?

2. How learning system that is used for children with special needs?

C. Research Objectives

This study was primarily aimed at :

1. Knowing the types of students with special needs.

2. Knowing the method or system learning given to children with special needs.

D. Benefits of the Research

The benefits of this research is:

1. Adding our gratitude to God for having created us without lacking anything.

2. We can give a support for students who have disabilities especially in educational

CHAPTER II

THE RESULT OF RESEARCH

A. Profil Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Harapan Ibu Metro Lampung

1. VISI

“Menciptakan suasana yang nyaman mendukung peningkatan prestasi dan kemandirian peserta didik berlandasakan Ihsan, Iman dan Taqwa”.

2. MISI

a. Menciptakan lingkungan yang bersih, sehat, asri serta kondusif.

b. Pembinaan prestasi akademik.

c. Pembinaan prestasi olahraga.

d. Pembinaan prestasi seni dan budaya.

e. Pembinaan dalam bidang keagamaan.

f. Melaksanakan PBM dan bimbingan secara efektif sehingga setiap peserta didik berkembang secara optimal sesuai dengan potensinya.

g. Menerapkan manajemen dengan melibatkan seluruh warga sekolah dan masyarakat.

h. Meningkatkan profesionalitas dan kompetensi pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan.

i. Melengkapi sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung PBM.

j. Menciptakan lingkungan sekolah sehat dan asri.

k. Menanamkan disiplin dalam kehidupan sekolah kepada segenap warga sekolah.

l. Menumbuhkan penghayatan dan pengalaman terhadap agama yang dianut dan membudayakan pendidikan budipekerti luhur di sekolah.

Menyelenggarakan Pendidikan Yang :

B. Indentitas Sekolah

1. Nama Sekolah : SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA “HARAPAN IBU”

2. Status : Swasta

3. Satuan pendidikan : TKLB, SDLB, SMKLB

4. Jenis Ketunaan : Tuna Rungu, Tuna Grahita, Tuna Netra, dan Tuna Daksa (Keterlambatan Belajar)

5. Alamat : Jl. Cempedak No. 40 B Kelurahan 21 Yosomulyo RT. 023 RW. 008 Metro Pusat (Desa kelurahan Yoso Mulyo), Telp 081379375933. Email harapanibu.21@gmail.com

6. Waktu Pelajaran : Pagi dan Siang

7. Nama Kepala Sekolah : Drs. Sugiono, M.M

8. Nama Komite Sekolah : Bpk Agus Setiyadi

C. Data Sekolah

1. Tahun Pendirian : 2014

2. Tahun Operasional : 2014

3. SK Kelembagaan Notis : KEMENKUMHAM/AHU/08068.50.10.2014

4. Status Tanah : Hak Pakai

a). Luas Tanah Hak Pkai : 2600 m^2*

b). Luas Bangunan : 377 m²

5. Surat Izin Pendirian Sekolah Pendidikan Khusus :

a). Nomor : 420/361/III.01/DP.02/2015

b). No.Reg Izin Operasional : 4 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 1 5

6. Keadaan Ruang Kelas Belajar

a). Ruang kelas yang ada : 4 Ruang

b). Ruang Perpustakaan : 1 Ruang

c). Ruang kelas yang Ideal : 21 Ruang

d). Kekurangan ruang kelas : 17 Ruang

D. Data Siswa

Tahun Pelajaran	Jml.	SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA HARAPA IBU
		JUMLAH SISWA
		TKLB	SDLB						SMPLB			SMKLB
KELAS		0	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII
SISWA		14	12			1			1			2

E. Data Rekapitulasi Siswa Menurut Jenis Ketunaan

No	Satuan Pendidikan/ Kelas		Perkembangan Siswa	Jenis Ketunaan
No	Satuan Pendidikan/ Kelas		TP2013/2014	A	B	C	Autisme	E
1	TKLB		14	-	1	9	4
	Sub Jumlah		14		1	9	4	-
2	SDLB
	Kelas Dasar I Kelas Dasar II Kelas Dasar III Kelas Dasar IV Kelas Dasar V Kelas Dasar VI		12 - - 1 - -	1 - - - - -	1 - - - - -	6 - - 1 - -	4 - - - - -
Sub Jumlah			13	1	1	7	4	-
3		SMPLB
		Kelas VII Kelas VIII Kelas IX	1 - -			1	-
Sub Jumlah			1			1	-	-
3		SMKLB
		Kelas X Kelas XI Kelas XII	2 - -	2
4		Sub Jumlah	2	2
Jumlah				3	2	17	8	-
Sub Total				30

F. Data Ruang dan Kelas

No	Nama Ruangan	Jumlah (Lokal)	Luas Ruangan	Total Luas
1	Ruang Kelas Taman Kanak-Kanak Luar Biasa (TKLB)	1	4m x 5m	20 m²
2	Ruang Kelas Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa (SDLB)	1	8m x 5m	40 m²
3	Ruang Kelas Sekolah Menengah Pertama Luar Biasa (SMPLB)	1	4m x 5m	20 m²
4	Ruang Kelas Sekolah Menengah Atas Luar Biasa(SMALB)/Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Luar Biasa (SMKLB)	-	-	-
5	Ruang Kepala Sekolah Staf dan TU	1	7.2m x 5.5m	39.6 m²
6	Ruang Guru	1	7.2m x 5.5m	39.6 m²
7	Ruang Bermain	1	7m x 5m	35 m²
8	Ruang Praktikum	1	13m x 7m	91 m²
9	Ruang Toilet (WC)	3	2m x 3m	18 m²
10	Ruang Usaha Kesehatan Skolah (UKS) & Pramuka	1	4m x 6m	24 m²
11	Ruang Perpustakaan	1	2m x 3m	6 m²
12	Ruang Tunggu Wali Murid	1	3m x 4m	12 m²
13	Kolam	1	6m x 4.5m	27 m²
14	Kebun Praktikum	1	14m x 10m	140 m²
15	Unit Usaha Bersama Sekolah	1	4m x 6m	24 m²
	Jumlah	16		802.2m²

G. Data Tenaga Pendidik dan Tata Usaha

Tenaga Pendidik / TU	Jumlah	Keterangan
Kepala Sekolah	1 orang	-
Guru	23 orang	17 GTY, 6 GTT
Pustakawan	1 orang	1 GTY
Laboran Praktikum (Karya, Bengkel, Perkebunan)	1 orang	1 GTY
Staf Tata Usaha	3 orang	3 PTY
Office Girl (OG)	1 orang	1 PTY

H. Kinds of Students Who Have Special Needed

According to the research that we do in Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Harapan Ibu Metro, there are some kinds of students who have special needed. They are :

1. Mental Retardation (Tuna Grahita)

Mental retardation is a someone that experienced low thingking , mental retardation, mental disability, Intellectual CHILD DISORDERS, someone with an IQ under 70. The factors that influence mentally disabled are :

a) Genetic ( or kelainaan biokomiawi damage , abnormalities , chromosomal )

b) Inflammation of the lining of the brain and nutritional problems due to malnutrition or protein.

c) Due to disease or influence before birth ( disorder during pregnancy) .

d) Severe mental disorders and environmental influences.

The children who have mental retardation they cannot do anything well. The physical characteristics of children who have mental retardation are:

a) Slow in learning new things

b) Defect physical and motor development

c) Lacking in self-help capabilities

d) Behavior and interactions are not uncommon or less reasonable

2. Deaf (Tuna Rungu)

Deaf people that is losing a piece of his Allor listen Suffering so that a disturbance in communication . Phsycal of deaf he is not the difference with normal people , but when they speak without notes sounds with clear articulation . They communicate to the other by sign language.

Deaf is a condition that has meaning of losing a listening ability that causes the people or human cannot listen well about sounds or music directly.

3. Blind (Tuna Netra)

Blind is a people that has problem in seeing his or her seeing the tool is does not work . There are several factor that causes a someone get it a blind. The factors that cause tuna netra , They are:

a. It is closely related to the problem descent and growth of a child in the womb .

b. At the time of the mother contains ssng disease that can cause blindness , such as : Gonorrhoe , trachoma , and as a result of the accident.

c. Damage to the eye or eye nerves . The physical state of blind children could be different with other normal children .

The real difference between them is only found in the organ of vision . Intellectual was not much different . The tendency of the blind child's IQ is no upper limit to the lower limit.

4. Autism (Autis)

Children who experience disorders are complex , difficult to communicate, IQ on the upper limit to the lower limit. The Characteristics of autism is:

a) Hyperactivity

b) parrot or continuous talk

c) sometimes crying or laughing to himself

Children with autism need to be maintained or a diet food , can not eat starchy food , because the child will experience hyper the effect. Children with autism primarily to recover faster than children who have mental retardation. How do continuous therapy.

5. Physical Defect (Tuna Daksa)

Physical defect is someone who had abnormalities include defects or damage to the physical body and health, damage caused by damage to the brain and spinal cord. Factors causing the quadriplegic is ineksi disease, abnormalities in the uterus , during pregnancy trauma ( accident ), the use of anesthesia in excess of provisions. Children with physical disabilities are basically the same as a normal kid , just from the aspect of their psychological need to feel secure in his life.

I. Learning Process In SLB Harapan Ibu Metro

In every school has system of learning process for his students, same with SLB. In this school the teacher use Direct Method in learning process. In this SLB HARAPAN IBU one teacher teach one student for one class here. but for religion teacher, sport and art have the teacher by self. In SLB is not stressing in age but stressing in ability (IQ). According to the teacher the students with the special needs is really need an education and capabilities for their future. Extraordinary (SLB HARAPAN IBU) Metro is consist of four ideal classrooms. There are 10 students in the school. The students study together in the class. Each student has a teacher for itself. School condition those are crowded sometimes calm down. English subject only teached in this class and the students in this class are smart. One of them join with the IT competition for province grade, computerization. There are some students that get cup although get a three grade when join Poetry competition and computerization competition.

English subject in SLB HARAPAN IBU is not principle but only to introducing the vocaburalies. The student use dictionay to find meaning of the vocabulary, but only some students that can use it. The learning process begin at 08.00 am -11.00 am every day, except for Friday is begun at 08.00 am-10.00 am. In Friday and Saturday the learning process doing in outdoor, expected can refresh the student brain. Every meeting need 30-45 minuts to study . there are three subject that is given for students everyday. The special one of English in Friday.

Based on the writer’s observation during the learning process happened, there were three steps in learning process, and they are:

1. Opening

- Asking about the material in last meeting

- The students singing together “Open Close” (Buka Tutup)

2. Main Activity

a. Exploration

In exploration activity the teacher will:

- Mentioned about the name of thing in them environment.

- Guided them to give facility between student and teacher, environment and another source study.

- Engage the student actively in every learning process.

b. Elaboration

In this section the teacher will:

- The teacher can to order the student mentioned about the name of animal

- The teacher will be ordered the student to read and write that related about the topic

- The teacher will give assignment. it aim can appear a new idea in written or spoken

- The teacher gives opportunity for student to think, analysis, and to solve the problem

- Facilities the student in learning cooperative and collaborative

- Facilities the student to make a exploration report that doing by written or spoken individuality

- Facilities the student to do growing activity and feel believe with itself

c. Confirmation

In this section the teacher will:

- Asking about matter that don’t know the student

- The teacher and student together asking answer about the topic and give strength and gives conclusion about the topic

3. Closing

In this section the teacher will:

- Give a home work that must be done by student related about the topic

- The teacher gives motivation for student about never give up!

J. The method that using in SLB HARAPAN IBU Metro

In SLB HARAPAN IBU Metro the teachers choose Direct Method as the method to teach their student. According to the teacher this method is very appropriate for the student. It is in order to the purpose of learning can be delivered. The media that is used in English learning process is Picture because they are still focus in study stlyle by visual. But sometimes the teaacher show the real media for the student in order that student can know the thing.

The simple material in learning process the teacher gives a simple material, like alphabet, number, color, family and part of body etc. The teacher gives them exercise by drills. For example, true or false and fill in the blank. To manage the class the student cannot be forced but let them until they want to speak, read and write. Speaking, reading and writing skill are given to student but listening skill is not implicated in SLB.

K. The technique that using in SLB Harapan Ibu Metro

The teacher uses Drill Technique, drilling means listening to a model, provided by the teacher, or a tape or another student, and repeating what is heard. This is a repetition drill, a technique that is still used by many teachers when introducing new language items to their students. The teacher says (models) the word or phrase and the students repeat it.

In SLB Hrapan Ibu the teacher uses personal approach because the students are difficult to receive the material. The students need guidence directly by the teacher. The learning process in SLB Harapan Ibu Metro uses a technique one teacher one student.

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

SLB ( Special Schools ) is one of the educational institutions for the children who have mental disabilities and physical retardation. Not many parents who know about the existence of special schools in the formal school. Many children who have mental retardation and physical disabilities do not continue their education. SLB usually accommodate children who suffer from hearing impaired, mentally disabled, blind, etc. SLB is more difficult to understand or learn English than in any other normal child. because if they learn, they are quickly forgotten in 5 minutes. methods used by teachers are Direct Method, then the technique is using face-to-face approach.

APPENDIX